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Tinman gene
''tinman'' is an Nk-homeobox gene that is responsible for the differentiation, proliferation, and specification of cardiac progenitor cells. Homeobox genes are a group of transcription factors characterized by a homeodomain that initiates gene expression which regulates cell differentiation and development when it binds to a target promoter. ''tinman'' was fist isolated in ''Drosophila'' and many vertebrate homologs have been discovered since and are considered part of a multigene family in vertebrates.
''tinman'' is expressed very early in ''Drosophila'' during the development of the embryonic mesoderm and is required for formation of the visceral and cardiac mesoderm. It is expressed transiently in the visceral mesoderm but continues to be expressed in the cardiac mesoderm. The two major cell types of the ''Drosophila'' heart, cardial and pericardial cells, express ''tinman''.
In both ''Drosophila'' and vertebrates, the temporal and spatial expression of ''tinman'' is critical in determining cell lineage and patterning of the heart. In mutant or knockout organisms, the loss of ''tinman'' results in the lack of heart formation. In humans, ''NKX2.5'' is the homolog to ''tinman'' and mutations to or arising from this gene are some of the most common congenital heart defects. These include atrial and ventricular septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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